This book presents a comprehensive compilation of registration requirements necessary for authorisation of biological control agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, active substances of natural origin and semiochemicals) in OECD countries. It also reviews data requirements for invertebrate agents (insect, mites and nematodes) and provides proposals for harmonisation of the regulation process and guidelines for completion of application forms. Based on results of the EU REBECA Policy Support Action, which gathered experts from academia, regulation authorities and industry, risks and benefits of the specific agents were reviewed and proposals for a more balanced registration process elaborated, including recommendations for acceleration of the authorisation process and discussions on trade-off effects and policy impacts. All these aspects are covered in detail in this book, which points the way forward for enhanced utilisation of biological control agents.
A NPK ratio of 4:2:1 is considered as ideal for application of plant nutrients. However, in recent days, a huge variation from this ratio is observed due to unbalanced application of one or more plant nutrients. Production cost of N, P and K fertilizer increases day by day and the demand for them will depend upon the ability of the farmers to pay for them. Fertilizers constitute major input and increasing their efficiency will reduce cost of cultivation. Economic rationality, thus, dictates a more comprehensive approach to fertilizer application using soil tests, field experimentation for crop response and economic evaluation of the results. Fertilizer recommendations based on soil test crop response values have definitely changed the unbalanced use of fertilizer and increased the efficiency and saving of costly input of crop production. Our effort will be successful if this book could help the researchers in strengthening their understanding for conducting quality research for fertilizer recommendation.
Ever since she was old enough to help her grandmother in the garden, Sharon Lovejoy has spent her life working with plants–and along the way, through “trowel and error,” she’s accumulated hundreds and hundreds of remedies, tips, short-cuts, and cure-alls. Now Ms. Lovejoy–author of Roots, Shoots, Buckets & Boots and the award-winning Sunflower Houses–does for the garden what Heloise or the Queen of Clean does for the household. Trowel and Error collects all of her homespun garden advice into an inviting, environmentally friendly, whimsically illustrated yet dead-on helpful book that will benefit every gardener, beginner or experienced.
Cure plant viruses with spoiled milk. Steep a natural and effective insecticide out of fresh basil. Place flat stones under squash or melons to hasten ripening. Recycle an old apple corer as the perfect dibber for muscari and other small bulbs. Start rosemary cuttings in a green glass bottle. Sprinkle baby powder over seedlings to discourage rabbits. Crush a garlic clove and apply it to your skin as an insect repellent. From urging the reader to take an occasional shower with the houseplants to giving all-natural gardenside first aid, Trowel and Error is a direct line to the kind of practical wisdom that comes only after a lifetime of experience. The book is indexed by problem, plant, pest, and solution, and includes a list of tools and common household items–borax, cornmeal, vinegar–that completes the gardener’s arsenal.
Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction contains selected papers presented at the International Workshop on Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction held in Auckland, New Zealand from 26-27 November 2009. The workshop was the venue for an international exchange of ideas, disseminating information about experiments, numerical models and practical engineering problems relating to soil-foundation-structure interaction.
A topic of long standing interest to both structural and geotechnical engineers is what is traditionally known as soil-structure interaction (SSI). For a long period, this has involved linear elastic interaction between the foundation and the underlying soil and the appropriate analysis is well developed for both static and dynamic interaction. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in considering nonlinear soil-foundation interaction in the design of shallow foundations, both for static and earthquake loading. To distinguish these approaches from the classical linear elastic soil-structure interaction, the term soil-foundation-structure-interaction (SFSI) has been coined recently. The development of various approaches is occurring rapidly in many research groups all over the world, with the inclusion of nonlinear structure and nonlinear soil interaction using FEM-based numerical methods, as well as the use of shallow foundation macro-elements as an alternative to using finite elements.
The workshop brought together representatives from several of these groups to review the current state of development, discuss the potential for application in foundation design, and consider how work in this area might develop in the next few years. The emphasis in the workshop was on application of these ideas to the foundation design process.
The book will be much of interest to post-graduates in Foundation Engineering, Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Earthquake Engineering, and Advanced Structural Dynamics.
Ever since she was old enough to help her grandmother in the garden, Sharon Lovejoy has spent her life working with plants–and along the way, through “trowel and error,” she’s accumulated hundreds and hundreds of remedies, tips, short-cuts, and cure-alls. Now Ms. Lovejoy–author of Roots, Shoots, Buckets & Boots and the award-winning Sunflower Houses–does for the garden what Heloise or the Queen of Clean does for the household. Trowel and Error collects all of her homespun garden advice into an inviting, environmentally friendly, whimsically illustrated yet dead-on helpful book that will benefit every gardener, beginner or experienced.
Cure plant viruses with spoiled milk. Steep a natural and effective insecticide out of fresh basil. Place flat stones under squash or melons to hasten ripening. Recycle an old apple corer as the perfect dibber for muscari and other small bulbs. Start rosemary cuttings in a green glass bottle. Sprinkle baby powder over seedlings to discourage rabbits. Crush a garlic clove and apply it to your skin as an insect repellent. From urging the reader to take an occasional shower with the houseplants to giving all-natural gardenside first aid, Trowel and Error is a direct line to the kind of practical wisdom that comes only after a lifetime of experience. The book is indexed by problem, plant, pest, and solution, and includes a list of tools and common household items–borax, cornmeal, vinegar–that completes the gardener’s arsenal.
